Ritalin is a brand name for methylphenidate, a central nervous system stimulant commonly prescribed to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. It works by increasing levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, which helps improve attention, focus, and impulse control in individuals with ADHD. Ritalin is available in immediate-release and extended-release formulations and is usually taken orally. It is a controlled substance due to its potential for abuse and dependence. Common side effects include insomnia, decreased appetite, and increased heart rate. It should be used under medical supervision.
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